Here's a breakdown of different grades of saffron, from the highest quality to the parts closer to the flower's base:

Negin Saffron: Negin is considered the highest grade and is characterized by its long, thick threads with no yellow or orange styles (the parts of the saffron flower that are not used). These threads are typically dark red with a strong aroma and flavor, making them highly prized in culinary applications.

Sargol Saffron: Sargol consists of only the red stigma tips of the saffron threads, usually with the entire style removed. This grade is slightly lower in quality compared to Negin but is still considered high-grade saffron. Sargol saffron is known for its vibrant color, intense flavor, and aromatic qualities, making it suitable for various culinary uses.

Pushal Saffron: Pushal contains both the red stigma tips (similar to Sargol) and a portion of the yellow or orange style attached. While it is of good quality, Pushal saffron is considered slightly lower in quality compared to Negin and Sargol grades. This grade offers a balance of flavor and aroma, making it suitable for both culinary and medicinal purposes.

Bunch Saffron: Bunch consists of the entire saffron threads, including both the red stigma tips and the yellow or orange style. It is the lowest grade of saffron and is typically less expensive than Negin, Sargol, and Pushal grades. Bunch saffron may have less intense color, flavor, and aroma compared to higher grades, but it is still used in various culinary applications. Regarding the roots of the saffron plant, they are
not typically included in commercial saffron products. The saffron threads, which are the stigma tips of the Crocus sativus flower, are what hold the valuable flavor, color, and aroma compounds sought after in saffron.